Consequences of Columbus's voyage on the Tainos and Europe발음듣기
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Consequences of Columbus's voyage on the Tainos and Europe
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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[Instructor] In the last video we discussed Christopher Columbus' attempt to find the funding to find a western route around the world to China and the East and how.발음듣기
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Although he didn't find that in October of 1492, he landed in the Caribbean where he met the indigenous people living there the Tainos.발음듣기
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This is a woodcut that depicts people in the region made a little bit later so they may have looked something like this.발음듣기
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We know that they were probably matrilineal that is they traced their family lines through the women, not the men.발음듣기
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Columbus repeatedly describes how people would really give you anything that you asked for We also know religiously that they worshiped ancestor spirits called Zemis.발음듣기
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Another thing I think is really cool about the Tainos is that we still use some of their words in everyday language that were borrowed by the Spanish and then came into English.발음듣기
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Even the name of the island itself, they called it Ayiti which is still preserved today in the nation of Haiti.발음듣기
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And when he arrived in Europe he immediately wrote a letter to the finance minister to Ferdinand and Isabella, Louis de Saint Angel.발음듣기
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As I know you will be rejoiced at the glorious success that our Lord has given me and my voyage.발음듣기
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I sailed to the Indies with the fleet that the illustrious King and Queen our Sovereigns, gave me where I discovered a great many islands inhabited by numberless people.발음듣기
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And of all I have taken possession for their Highnesses by proclamation and display of the Royal Standard without opposition.발음듣기
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The second I named the island of Santa Maria de Concepcion the third, Fernandina, the fourth, Isabella the fifth, Juana and I found it so extensive that I thought it might be the mainland the province of Cathay.발음듣기
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First he says that he's taken possession of these islands by proclamation and display of the royal standard without opposition.발음듣기
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And I love this image of Columbus he's reading in Spanish the proclamation I claim this land in the name of Spain and he's not opposed because the Tainos have no idea what he's saying.발음듣기
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We can also see his religious motivations here as he names the first islands after San Salvador, the savior, Jesus Santa Maria de Concepcion, the Virgin Mary.발음듣기
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And that he's trying to win some points with Ferdinand and Isabella by naming islands after them.발음듣기
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He thought it might be the mainland the province of Cathay and Cathay is an old word meaning China.발음듣기
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So let's read on, he says I began fortifications there which should be completed by this time.발음듣기
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And I have left in it men enough to hold it with arms, artillery, and provisions for more than a year.발음듣기
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I am so friendly with the king of that country that he was proud to call me his brother and hold me as such.발음듣기
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Even should he change his mind and wish to quarrel neither he nor his subjects know what arms are nor wear clothes, as I have said.발음듣기
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They're the most timid people in the world so that only the men remaining there could destroy the whole region.발음듣기
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So he's kind of saying that we're getting along with the natives but if we don't, they're not a threat.발음듣기
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And he finishes by saying to speak, in conclusion, only of what has been done during this hurried voyage their Highnesses will see that I can give them as much gold as they desire.발음듣기
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If they will give me a little assistance spices, cotton, as much as their Highnesses may command to be shipped and as many slaves as the choose to send for, all heathens.발음듣기
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So Columbus is finishing by saying well this exploratory voyage has shown that we can get a lot out of colonizing this area.발음듣기
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We can get gold, spices, cottons, slaves and so if you'll give me a little assistance that is, give me more resources to continue my mission Spain will get very wealthy indeed from this new land.발음듣기
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And this time they send him with 1200 men and 17 ships and they bring with them livestock horses, cattle, pigs, and sugar cane plants so they can turn this into a plantation.발음듣기
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So they really intend to use this settlement as not only a place to try out growing crops and also mining for gold they also see it as kind of a jumping off place that they can use for further exploration in this area.발음듣기
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Because the Portuguese were so dominant in this early phase of colonialism the Spanish are nervous that the Portuguese are going to try to make inroads into their new acquisitions in the west.발음듣기
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So with the help of the pope they negotiate what's called the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the world between them.발음듣기
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Remember that Portugal had lots of interests in Africa which they thought were much more valuable at this time.발음듣기
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But it was later discovered that part of South America fell on Portugal's side of the line and you'll recognize that as being today, Brazil which became a Portuguese colony and even today speaks Portuguese.발음듣기
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But it's important to understand that Spain thought of this area as their sovereign territory.발음듣기
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And from this point forward Spain will continue to send what are called conquistadors conquerors, to this region Mexico and Florida and South America and from all of this they will become very wealthy as a nation.발음듣기
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So I just wanna finish by contrasting how Columbus' voyage affected the native people of the Caribbean with how it affected Europe.발음듣기
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He originally attempted to enslave the native people and send them back to Europe for sale to continue to underwrite his ventures.발음듣기
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So he had to take another tack and that was by forcing the native people to labor for the Spanish particularly to mine gold.발음듣기
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That they had to give him a certain amount of gold per month or they would have their hands chopped off.발음듣기
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And this is an engraving of what the Spanish were imagined to have been like in the New World.발음듣기
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Historians estimate that there were about one to three million Tainos living in the Caribbean when the Spanish arrived.발음듣기
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And mostly this was due to disease and we'll talk more in the next video about why native people seemed to be so susceptible to European diseases but it was also due to overwork and poor treatment.발음듣기
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They were forced to mine when they should have been growing crops and many of them were murdered by the Spanish for one reason or another.발음듣기
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And the gold and silver being brought in from the New World to Spain may actually have increased prices in the one hundred years following Columbus' voyage by 500 to 600% due to inflation thanks to gold from the New World.발음듣기
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Some historians even think that the influx of all this new wealth led to the creation of the modern banking system to deal with it and could even have been the forbearer of capitalism.발음듣기
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So Columbus' voyage really opened up a whole new world not just to the people in the Americas but also to the people in Europe.발음듣기
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